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15个 MySQL 基础面试题，DBA 们准备好了吗？
2014-01-07 13:29:21 点击：

此前我们已经有发表过Linux 面试基础问答之一、二和三共3篇文章，获得读者的好评，同时我们得到反馈，有些读者希望这种交互式学习方法能够...

此前我们已经有发表过Linux 面试基础问答之一、二和三共3篇文章，获得读者的好评，同时我们得到反馈，有些读者希望这种交互式学习方法能够做得更加灵活。心动不如行动，我们这就为您奉上 15个 MySQL 面试题

问题1：你如何确定 MySQL 是否处于运行状态？

答案： Debian 上运行命令 service mysql status，在RedHat 上运行命令 service mysqld status。然后看看输出即可。

 

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
01.root@localhost:/home/avi# service mysql status
02. 
03./usr/bin/mysqladmin  Ver 8.42 Distrib 5.1.72, for debian-linux-gnu on i486
04.Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
05. 
06.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
07.affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
08.owners.
09. 
10.Server version 5.1.72-2
11.Protocol version 10
12.Connection Localhost via UNIX socket
13.UNIX socket /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
14.Uptime: 1 hour 22 min 49 sec
15. 
16.Threads: 1  Questions: 112138  Slow queries: 1  Opens: 1485  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 64  Queries per second avg: 22.567.

问题2：如何开启或停止 MySQL 服务？

答案：运行命令 service mysqld start 开启服务；运行命令 service mysqld stop 停止服务。

 

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01.root@localhost:/home/avi# service mysql stop
02. 
03.Stopping MySQL database server: mysqld.
04. 
05.root@localhost:/home/avi# service mysql start
06. 
07.Starting MySQL database server: mysqld.
08. 
09.Checking for corrupt, not cleanly closed and upgrade needing tables..

问题3：如何通过 Shell 登入 MySQL？

答案：运行命令 mysql -u root -p

 

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01.root@localhost:/home/avi# mysql -u root -p
02.Enter password:
03.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
04.Your MySQL connection id is 207
05.Server version: 5.1.72-2 (Debian)
06. 
07.Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
08. 
09.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
10.affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
11.owners.
12. 
13.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
14. 
15.mysql>

问题4：如何列出所有数据库？

答案：运行命令 show databases;

 

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
01.mysql> show databases;
02.+--------------------+
03.| Database           |
04.+--------------------+
05.| information_schema |
06.| a1                 |
07.| cloud              |
08.| mysql              |
09.| phpmyadmin         |
10.| playsms            |
11.| sisso              |
12.| test               |
13.| ukolovnik          |
14.| wordpress          |
15.+--------------------+
16.10 rows in set (0.14 sec)

问题5： 如何切换到某个数据库并在上面工作？

答案：运行命令 use database_name; 进入名为 database_name 的数据库。

 

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1.mysql> use cloud;
2.Reading table information for completion of table and column names
3.You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
4. 
5.Database changed
6.mysql>

问题6：如何列出某个数据库内所有表？

答案：在当前数据库运行命令 show tables;

 

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
01.mysql> show tables;
02.+----------------------------+
03.| Tables_in_cloud            |
04.+----------------------------+
05.| oc_appconfig               |
06.| oc_calendar_calendars      |
07.| oc_calendar_objects        |
08.| oc_calendar_repeat         |
09.| oc_calendar_share_calendar |
10.| oc_calendar_share_event    |
11.| oc_contacts_addressbooks   |
12.| oc_contacts_cards          |
13.| oc_fscache                 |
14.| oc_gallery_sharing         |
15.+----------------------------+
16.10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

问题7：如何获取表内所有 Field 对象的名称和类型？

答案：运行命令 describe table_name;

 

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
1.mysql> describe oc_users;
2.+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3.| Field    | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
4.+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
5.| uid      | varchar(64)  | NO   | PRI |         |       |
6.| password | varchar(255) | NO   |     |         |       |
7.+----------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
8.2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

问题8：如何删除表？

答案：运行命令 drop table table_name;

 

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1.mysql> drop table lookup;
2. 
3.Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

问题9：如何删除数据库？

答案：运行命令 drop database database-name;

 

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1.mysql> drop database a1;
2. 
3.Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.07 sec)

问题10：如何查看表内所有数据？

答案：运行命令 select * from table_name;

 

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
01.mysql> select * from engines;
02.+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
03.| ENGINE     | SUPPORT | COMMENT                                                        | TRANSACTIONS | XA   | SAVEPOINTS |
04.+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
05.| InnoDB     | YES     | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys     | YES          | YES  | YES        |
06.| MRG_MYISAM | YES     | Collection of identical MyISAM tables                          | NO           | NO   | NO         |
07.| BLACKHOLE  | YES     | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO           | NO   | NO         |
08.| CSV        | YES     | CSV storage engine                                             | NO           | NO   | NO         |
09.| MEMORY     | YES     | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables      | NO           | NO   | NO         |
10.| FEDERATED  | NO      | Federated MySQL storage engine                                 | NULL         | NULL | NULL       |
11.| ARCHIVE    | YES     | Archive storage engine                                         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
12.| MyISAM     | DEFAULT | Default engine as of MySQL 3.23 with great performance         | NO           | NO   | NO         |
13.+------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+
14.8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

问题11：如何从表（比如 oc_users ）中获取一个 field 对象（比如 uid）的所有数据？

答案：运行命令 select uid from oc_users;

 

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
1.mysql> select uid from oc_users;
2.+-----+
3.| uid |
4.+-----+
5.| avi |
6.+-----+
7.1 row in set (0.03 sec)

问题12：假设你有一个名为 ‘xyz’ 的表，它存在多个字段，如 ‘createtime’ 和 ‘engine’。名为 engine 的字段由 ‘Memoty’ 和 ‘MyIsam’ 两种数值组成。如何只列出 ‘createtime’ 和 ‘engine’ 这两列并且 engine 的值为 ‘MyIsam’？

答案：运行命令 select create_time, engine from xyz where engine = ”MyIsam”;

 

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01.mysql> select create_time, engine from xyz where engine="MyIsam";
02. 
03.+---------------------+--------+
04.| create_time         | engine |
05.+---------------------+--------+
06.| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
07.| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
08.| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
09.| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
10.| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
11.| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
12.| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
13.| 2013-12-15 13:43:27 | MyISAM |
14.| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
15.| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
16.| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
17.| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
18.| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
19.| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
20.| 2013-10-23 14:56:38 | MyISAM |
21.+---------------------+--------+
22.132 rows in set (0.29 sec)

问题13：如何列出表 ‘xrt’ 内 name 域值为 ‘tecmint’，web_address 域值为 ‘tecmint.com’ 的所有数据？

答案：运行命令 select * from xrt where name = “tecmint” and web_address = “tecmint.com”;

 

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1.mysql> select  * from xrt where name = "tecmint" and web_address = “tecmint.com”;
2.+---------------+---------------------+---------------+
3.| Id                  | name                   | web_address |
4.+---------------+---------------------+----------------+
5.| 13                 |  tecmint               | tecmint.com  |
6.+---------------+---------------------+----------------+
7.| 41                 |  tecmint               | tecmint.com  |
8.+---------------+---------------------+----------------+

问题14：如何列出表 ‘xrt’ 内 name 域值不为 ‘tecmint’，web_address 域值为 ‘tecmint.com’ 的所有数据？

答案：运行命令 select * from xrt where name != "tecmint" and web_address = "tecmint.com";

 

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1.mysql> select * from xrt where name != ”tecmint” and web_address = ”tecmint.com”;
2. 
3.+---------------+---------------------+---------------+
4.| Id            | name                | web_address   |
5.+---------------+---------------------+----------------+
6.| 1173          |  tecmint            | tecmint.com   |
7.+---------------+---------------------+----------------+

问题15：如何知道表内行数？

答案：运行命令 select count(*) from table_name;

 

·········10········20········30········40········50········60········
1.mysql> select count(*) from Tables;
2. 
3.+----------+
4.| count(*) |
5.+----------+
6.|      282 |
7.+----------+
8.1 row in set (0.01 sec)

以上是文章的全部内容。这篇‘Linux 面试题’对您有任何帮助吗？别忘了在下面留言，写出您的宝贵意见。

via: http://www.tecmint.com/basic-mysql-interview-questions-for-database-administrators/



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